In socially fexible species, the tendency to live in groups is expected to vary through a trade-of between costs and benefts, determined by ecological conditions. The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis predicts that group size ...

1. Forest decline and dieback are growing phenomena worldwide, resulting in severe,large-scale degradation of the canopy. This can profoundly alter the provision oftrophic resources and microhabitats for canopy-dwelling ...

Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of ...

Question: Vascular plant productivity of arctic tundra has often been viewed as varying little between years and thus being largely insensitive to the high inter-annual variation in summer weather conditions. Yet, ...

Large carnivores play a key ecological role in nature, yet quantifying the effects of predation at large spatiotemporal scales remains challenging. Wolves and brown bears have recovered in Sweden, where they share the same ...

Knowledge of the complete horizontal migration and vertical movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the marine phase is important for understanding the link between individual processes and population recruitment. ...

Disturbance of wild reindeer from human activity is a key challenge for wildlife management. We reviewed recent literature on reindeer disturbance in Northern Europe and discuss a major lacuna in this field of research, ...

Prevention of greenhouse emissionsis the top priority for all countries, which urges them to switch to renewable energy as much as possible. Hydropower is one of the renewables that have high flexibility and at the same ...

A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using ...

Roads constitute a worldwide network of ecological barriers traversing countless streams and rivers. A large fraction of the land area lies in close proximity to roads. Ecological effects of roads likely extend well beyond ...