Positioning aquatic animals with acoustic transmitters
Lennox, Robert; Aarestrup, Kim; Alós, Josep; Arlinghaus, Robert; Aspillaga, Eneko; Bertram, Michael G.; Birnie-Gauvin, Kim; Brodin, Tomas; Cooke, Steven J.; Dahlmo, Lotte Svengård; Dhellemmes, Félicie; Gjelland, Karl Øystein; Hellström, Gustav; Hershey, Henry; Holbrook, Christopher; Klefoth, Thomas; Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan; Monk, Christopher T.; Nilsen, Cecilie Iden; Pauwels, Ine; Pickholtz, Renanel; Prchalová, Marie; Reubens, Jan; Říha, Milan; Villegas-Ríos, David; Vollset, Knut; Westrelin, Samuel; Baktoft, Henrik
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3111459Utgivelsesdato
2023Metadata
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Sammendrag
1. Geolocating aquatic animals with acoustic tags has been ongoing for decades,
relying on the detection of acoustic signals at multiple receivers with known
positions to calculate a 2D or 3D position, and ultimately recreate the path of an
aquatic animal from detections at fixed stations.
2. This method of underwater geolocation is evolving with new software and
hardware options available to help investigators design studies and calculate
positions using solvers based predominantly on time-difference-of-arrival and
time-of-arrival.
3. We provide an overview of the considerations necessary to implement positioning
in aquatic acoustic telemetry studies, including how to design arrays of receivers,
test performance, synchronize receiver clocks and calculate positions from the
detection data. We additionally present some common positioning algorithms,
including both the free open-source solvers and the ‘black-box’ methods provided
by some manufacturers for calculating positions.
4. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of methods and
considerations for designing and implementing better positioning studies that will
support users, and encourage further knowledge advances in aquatic systems.
geolocation, multilateration, positioning solver, reverse-GPS, synchronization, telemetry