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dc.contributor.authorJakobsson, Simon
dc.contributor.authorTöpper, Joachim Paul
dc.contributor.authorEvju, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorFramstad, Erik
dc.contributor.authorLyngstad, Anders
dc.contributor.authorPedersen, Bård
dc.contributor.authorSickel, Hanne
dc.contributor.authorSverdrup-Thygeson, Anne
dc.contributor.authorVandvik, Vigdis
dc.contributor.authorVelle, Liv Guri
dc.contributor.authorAarrestad, Per Arild
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-18T07:40:56Z
dc.date.available2020-05-18T07:40:56Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn1470-160X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654710
dc.description.abstractEffective evidence-based nature conservation and habitat management relies on developing and refining our methodological toolbox for detecting critical ecological changes at an early stage. This requires not only optimizing the use and integration of evidence from available data, but also optimizing methods for dealing with imperfect knowledge and data deficiencies. For policy and management relevance, ecological data are often synthesized into indicators, which are assessed against reference levels and limit values. Here we explore challenges and opportunities in defining ecological condition in relation to a reference condition reflecting intact ecosystems, as well as setting limit values for good ecological condition, linked to critical ecological thresholds in dose–response relationships between pressures and condition variables. These two concepts have been widely studied and implemented in aquatic sciences, but rarely in terrestrial systems. In this paper, we address practical considerations, theoretical challenges and possible solutions using different approaches to determine reference and limit values for good ecological condition in terrestrial ecosystems, based on empirical experiences from a case study in central Norway. We present five approaches for setting indicator reference values for intact ecosystems: absolute biophysical boundaries, reference areas, reference communities, ecosystem dynamics based models, and habitat availability based models. We further present four approaches for identifying indicator limit values for good ecological condition: empirically estimated values, statistical distributions, assumed linear relationships, and expert judgement-based limits. This exercise highlights the versatile and robust nature of ecological condition assessments based on reference and limit values for different management purposes, for situations where knowledge of the underlying relationships is lacking, and for situations limited by data availability.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectEcological conditionen_US
dc.subjectIndexen_US
dc.subjectManagementen_US
dc.subjectReference conditionen_US
dc.subjectTerrestrialen_US
dc.titleSetting reference levels and limits for good ecological condition in terrestrial ecosystems – Insights from a case study based on the IBECA approachen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2020 The Author(s).en_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488en_US
dc.source.volume116en_US
dc.source.journalEcological Indicatorsen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106492
dc.identifier.cristin1811419


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