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dc.contributor.authorBårdsen, Bård-Jørgen
dc.contributor.authorHanssen, Sveinn Are
dc.contributor.authorBustnes, Jan Ove
dc.coverage.spatialGrindøya Nature Reserve, Tromsø, Norwaynb_NO
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-19T08:19:50Z
dc.date.available2018-07-19T08:19:50Z
dc.date.created2018-07-17T13:51:08Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn2150-8925
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2506080
dc.description.abstractNegative effects of long-transported pollutants, such as many persistent organic pollutants (POPs), on seabirds and other top predators have been documented for decades. Yet, the concentrations, and hence, the negative impacts of many POPs have recently declined in the Northern Hemisphere. However, organisms are exposed to multiple stressors and the impacts of pollution act in concert with both natural and other anthropogenic stressors. In theory, this means that even sub-lethal POP concentrations may cause adverse effects if they co-occur with increased levels of other stressors. We tested the multiple stress hypothesis on common eiders, a marine duck with a northern geographical distribution, by assessing the relative importance of pollution, climate (winter sea surface temperature; SSTw), and egg predation on population dynamics and viability (i.e., extinction risk) using Leslie-matrix population models. The model was parametrized by estimating reproduction and apparent adult survival using long-term data from a common eider population in sub-arctic Europe. Average annual adult survival was 0.80 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 22.00%) and showed a negative, both direct and delayed, relationship with SSTw. Average clutch size was 4.41 eggs (CV = 5.12%) and varied in time showing periods of both positive and negative trends, but showed no relationship with SSTw. We based immature survival on estimates from literature: 0.52 and 0.68 for juveniles and yearlings, respectively. Our model supported the multiple stress hypothesis as changes in a single stressor did not induce extinctions, unless the magnitude of our manipulations was extreme except for egg predation. The effect of pollution was, however, increasingly negative when it cooccurred with a warming climate and egg predation—and population viability was lowest when all the stressors occurred simultaneously.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectarcticnb_NO
dc.subjectclimatic vulnerabilitynb_NO
dc.subjectcomputer experimentationnb_NO
dc.subjectCormack–Jolly–Seber modelsnb_NO
dc.subjectfitnessnb_NO
dc.subjectGrindøya Nature Reserve, Tromsø, Norwaynb_NO
dc.subjectliterature reviewnb_NO
dc.subjectorganochlorine contaminants (OCs)nb_NO
dc.subjectpopulation viability analysisnb_NO
dc.subjectSomateria mollissimanb_NO
dc.subjectstress ecologynb_NO
dc.titleMultiple stressors: modeling the effect of pollution, climate, and predation on viability of a sub-arctic marine birdnb_NO
dc.title.alternativeMultiple stressors: modeling the effect of pollution, climate, and predation on viability of a sub-arctic marine birdnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.rights.holder© 2018 The Authorsnb_NO
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480nb_NO
dc.source.volume9nb_NO
dc.source.journalEcospherenb_NO
dc.source.issue7nb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ecs2.2342
dc.identifier.cristin1597666
cristin.unitcode7511,4,0,0
cristin.unitnameTromsø
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal