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dc.contributor.authorHunninck, Louis
dc.contributor.authorRingstad, Iris
dc.contributor.authorJackson, Craig Ryan
dc.contributor.authorMay, Roelof Frans
dc.contributor.authorFossøy, Frode
dc.contributor.authorUiseb, Kenneth
dc.contributor.authorKillian, Werner
dc.contributor.authorRøskaft, Eivin
dc.coverage.spatialEtosha National Park, Namibia, Africanb_NO
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-05T09:46:24Z
dc.date.available2018-01-05T09:46:24Z
dc.date.created2017-12-20T13:02:47Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.issn2051-1434
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2475913
dc.description.abstractThe conservation of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) is of prime importance for many African countries. Interactions between elephants and humans are known to induce stress and thereby have the potential to affect elephants’fitness. In Namibia, anthropogenic disturbances are increasing due to increasing human population size and development, particularly near protected areas, such as national parks. In this study, we investigated elephant stress levels in relation to their land use, specifically their protection status, comparing elephants within Etosha National Park in Namibia with elephants residing outside the park. We noninvasively collected dung samples of 91 elephants and determined the concentration of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), an indicator of physiological stress. Elephants outside the park (N = 35) had significantly higher concentrations of fGCM than those inside ENP (N = 56), suggesting that, despite including community-based conservancies, unprotected areas are more stressful for elephants than protected areas, most likely due to increased interactions with humans. We also found that males had lower fGCM concentrations than females, but no significant effect of age, body size or group size was detected. Additionally, herd sizes were significantly smaller and calf recruitment was potentially lower in unprotected areas. These findings underpin the importance of protected areas such as ENP, while encouraging decision-makers to continue reducing and mitigating potential human-induced disturbances.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectconservationnb_NO
dc.subjecthuman activitynb_NO
dc.subjectstressnb_NO
dc.subjectAfrican elephantnb_NO
dc.subjectfaecal glucocorticoid metabolitenb_NO
dc.titleBeing stressed outside the park — conservation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Namibianb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480nb_NO
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Zoology and botany: 480nb_NO
dc.source.volume5nb_NO
dc.source.journalConservation Physiologynb_NO
dc.source.issue1nb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/conphys/cox067
dc.identifier.cristin1530370
cristin.unitcode7511,2,0,0
cristin.unitnameAvdeling for terrestrisk økologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
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