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dc.contributor.authorMay, Roel
dc.contributor.authorSteinheim, Yngve
dc.contributor.authorKvaløy, Pål
dc.contributor.authorVang, Roald
dc.contributor.authorHanssen, Frank
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-05T12:37:07Z
dc.date.available2017-07-05T12:37:07Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.issn2045-7758
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2447944
dc.description.abstractMicrowave radar is an important tool for observation of birds in flight and represents a tremendous increase in observation capability in terms of amount of surveillance space that can be covered at relatively low cost. Based on off-the- shelf radar hardware, automated radar tracking systems have been developed for monitoring avian movements. However, radar used as an observation instrument in biological research has its limitations that are important to be aware of when analyzing recorded radar data. This article describes a method for exploring the detection capabilities of a dedicated short-range avian radar system used inside the operational Smøla wind-power plant. The purpose of the testing described was to find the maximum detection range for various sized birds, while controlling for the effects of flight tortuosity, flight orientation relative to the radar and ground clutter. The method was to use a dedicated test target in form of a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with calibrated radar cross section (RCS), which enabled the design of virtually any test flight pattern within the area of interest. The UAV had a detection probability of 0.5 within a range of 2,340 m from the radar. The detection performance obtained by the RCS-calibrated test target (−11 dBm2, 0.08 m2 RCS) was then extrapolated to find the corresponding performance of differently sized birds. Detection range depends on system sensitivity, the environment within which the radar is placed and the spatial distribution of birds. The avian radar under study enables continuous monitoring of bird activity within a maximum range up to 2 km dependent on the size of the birds in question. While small bird species may be detected up to 0.5–1 km, larger species may be detected up to 1.5–2 km distance from the radar.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectbird monitoringnb_NO
dc.subjectclutternb_NO
dc.subjectdetection probabilitynb_NO
dc.subjectswerlingnb_NO
dc.subjecttarget detectionnb_NO
dc.subjectunmanned aerial vehiclenb_NO
dc.titlePerformance test and verification of an off-the-shelf automated avian radar tracking systemnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsvitenskap: 420nb_NO
dc.source.journalEcology and Evolutionnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ece3.3162
dc.identifier.cristin1480923
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 201779nb_NO


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